Saturday, 16 May 2015

Contents of vEdas

The mantras of rigvEda, yajurvEda, sAmavEda and atharvaNavEda are called as rik, yajus, sAman, and atharva. These are organized differently in various samhitAs, brAhmaNas, araNyakas and upanishads of four vEdas. A sUkta refers to a collection of mantras with a specific focus towards a dEvataMantras may also be organized into dashatis, kAndikas.  A sukta may also be organized in terms of vargqs. A collection of similar sUktas is sometime referred to as anuvAka.  AnuvAkas, kAndikas, or dashatis  are combined to form a prapAtaka. Many prapAtakas are included to form Archika, bhAaa, or kAnDa. AnuvAkas are combined to form an adhyAya.  AdhyAyas are included in one Archika. A large number of anuvAkas are included in a manDala. A large number of sUktas together form an ashtaka.

A vEda shAKa is a combination of samhita, brAhamaNa, araNyaka, upanishad and a kalpa sUtra.  Typically, there is a large overlapping  of content among different vEda shAKas, especially vEda shAKas of same vEda.  Some times, the same portion in two vEda shAKas are referred by different names. For example, aitarEya samhita and sAnkhyAyaNa samhita are essentially same in shakala and sankhyayaNa shAKas of rigvEdas.  The two shAKas having same samhita and brAhmaNa may be referred by two different names.  For example,  madhyandina and kaNva shAKas of shwEta yajurvEda includes the same samhita, brAhmaNa, araNyaka and upanishds.  In some vEda shAKa, a upanishad may be a part of an araNyaka, or an araNyaka may be a part of the brAmaNa.  The brAhamaNa of a vEda shAKa may also be a part of the samhita.

RigvEda samhita is organized into mandalas, anuvAkas, sUktas and riks. Alternatively, the same samhita is also organized into aStaka, sUkta, varga and riks.  AitarEya brAhmaNa of rigvEda is organized into panchikas, and adhyAyas. AitarEya araNyaka of rigVEda is organized into smaller araNyakas, adhyAyas and khanDas.

Taittareeya samhita of Krishna yajurvEda is organized into kaanDas, prapAtakas, and anuvAkas. Some times, anuvAkas are organized into vAkyas, and prapAtakas are called kAtakas. Taittareeya araNyaka of Krishna yajurvEda incudes prashnas. Prashans are also referred to as vallis. Mandhyandina samhita of Shukla yajurvEda includes anuvAkas in adhyAyas. The anuvAkas are further organized into kAanDikas and yajus mantras.

Jaiminiya samhita of SAmavEda is organized into Archikas, prapAtakaas, dashatis, and sAmans. Atharva samhita is organized into bhAgas. BhAgas are further categorized into prapAtakas, kandikas, and atharva

The relative sizes of the four vEdas could be understood by looking at the specifics of the contents. Rig vEda Samhita has 10 manDalas, 85 anuvAkas, 1028suktas. There are 10552 riks (mantras) in the entire rigvEda samhita. Aitareya brAhmaNa  has 8 panchikas and fourty adhyAyas. AitarEya araNyaka includes five araNyakas, 18 adhyAyas, and 75 KhanDas.   In an alternative structure, rigvEda samhita has 8 ashtakas., 1028 sUktas, 2024 vargas and 10552 riks.

Taittareeya is a krishna yajurvEda Samhita  includes 7 kAnDas, 43 prapatakas, and 636 anuvAkas. Taittareeya Brahmana has three kAnDas, 28 prapAtakas, 338 anuvAkas, and 19383 vAkyas. Taittareeya araNyaka includes 10 prashnaas.  The Taittareeya Upanishad is included in the last three prashnas of the taittareeya araNyaka.

Mandhyandina is a shukla yajurvEda shakha. Mandhyandina Samhita includes 40 adhyayas, 303 anuvAkas, 1975 kandikas and 3988 yajus.  Mandhyandina brAhmaNa includes 14 kAnDas, 68 prapAtakas, 100 adhyAyas, 436 brAhmaNa, and 7179 kAndikas.  The 14th kAnDa of brAhmaNa is bruhadAraNyaka upanishad.

SaamvavEda  samhita of Jaiminiya shaka includes 2 Archikas called pUrva and uttara.  There are 15 prapAtakas, 179 dashatis, and 1605 sAmans in both the Archikas. Jamineeya brAhmaNa includes 8 units, each one of them is a brAhmaNa.  

Atharva samhita includes 20 kAnDas, 736 sUktas and 5977 atharvas. Pippalada brAhmaNa includes 20 kAnDas with 7950 mantras.  Gopatha brAhmaNa is araNyaka of the atharva vEda and includes two bhAgas, 11 prapAtakas, and 258 kandikas. 

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